Zopanga padziko lonse lapansi zakhudzidwa pomwe akatswiri akuchenjeza za zovuta zopezeka chaka chamawa
Opanga magalimoto padziko lonse lapansi akulimbana ndi kusowa kwa chip komwe kumawakakamiza kuyimitsa kupanga, koma oyang'anira ndi akatswiri ati akuyenera kupitiliza nkhondoyi kwa zaka zina kapena ziwiri.
Chipmaker waku Germany Infineon Technologies adati sabata yatha ikulimbana ndikupereka misika pomwe mliri wa COVID-19 ukusokoneza kupanga ku Malaysia. Kampaniyo ikulimbanabe ndi vuto la chimphepo chamkuntho ku Texas, United States.
Mkulu wa bungwe la Reinhard Ploss ananena kuti zinthu “zinali zotsika kwambiri; tchipisi chathu chikutumizidwa kuchokera kumafakitale athu (mafakitale) mpaka kumapeto kwa ntchito".
"Kufuna kwa ma semiconductors sikunathe. Komabe, pakadali pano msika ukukumana ndi vuto lalikulu, "adatero Ploss. Anati zinthu zitha mpaka 2022.
Vuto laposachedwa kwambiri pamakampani opanga magalimoto padziko lonse lapansi lidabwera pomwe Renesas Electronics idayamba kubweza ndalama zomwe zidatumizidwa kuyambira pakati pa Julayi. Wopanga ma chipmaker waku Japan adayaka moto m'nthaka yake kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino.
AlixPartners akuti makampani opanga magalimoto atha kutaya $ 61 biliyoni pakugulitsa chaka chino chifukwa chakusowa kwa chip.
Stellantis, wopanga magalimoto wamkulu padziko lonse lapansi, adachenjeza sabata yatha kuti kuchepa kwa semiconductor kupitilirabe kupanga.
General Motors yati kusowa kwa chip kudzakakamiza kufakitale zitatu zaku North America zomwe zimapanga magalimoto akuluakulu.
Kuyimitsidwa kwa ntchito kudzakhala nthawi yachiwiri m'masabata aposachedwa kuti magalimoto akuluakulu atatu a GM ayimitse kwambiri kapena kupanga konse chifukwa cha vuto la chip.
A BMW akuti mwina magalimoto 90,000 sangapangidwe chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chaka chino.
"Chifukwa chakukayikitsa komwe kulipo pazantchito zama semiconductor, sitinganene kuti kuchuluka kwa malonda athu kungakhudzidwe ndi kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono," atero membala wa board ya BMW pazachuma Nicolas Peter.
Ku China, Toyota idayimitsa chingwe chopanga ku Guangzhou, likulu lachigawo cha Guangdong, sabata yatha chifukwa sichimatha kupeza tchipisi tokwanira.
Volkswagen nayonso yakhudzidwa ndi vutoli. Anagulitsa magalimoto okwana 1.85 miliyoni ku China mu theka loyamba la chaka, mpaka 16.2 peresenti pachaka, otsika kwambiri kuposa kukula kwapakati pa 27 peresenti.
"Tidawona kugulitsa kwaulesi mu Q2. Osati chifukwa makasitomala aku China mwadzidzidzi sanatikonde. Ziri chifukwa chakuti takhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchepa kwa chip, "atero CEO wa Volkswagen Group China Stephan Woellenstein.
Anati kupanga kudakhudzidwa kwambiri mu June ponena za nsanja yake ya MQB, pomwe magalimoto a Volkswagen ndi Skoda amamangidwa. Zomera zimayenera kukonzanso mapulani awo opangira pafupifupi tsiku lililonse.
Woellenstein adati zoperewerazo zidatsalira mu Julayi koma ziyenera kuchepetsedwa kuyambira Ogasiti popeza wopanga magalimoto akutembenukira kwa ena ogulitsa. Komabe, adachenjeza kuti zinthu zonse zogulira zinthu sizikuyenda bwino ndipo kuchepa kwachulukira kupitilirabe mpaka 2022.
Bungwe la China Association of Automobile Manufacturers linati malonda ophatikizana a opanga magalimoto m'dzikoli akuyembekezeka kutsika ndi 13.8 peresenti chaka ndi chaka kufika pafupifupi 1.82 miliyoni mu July, ndi kusowa kwa chip komwe kumakhala chifukwa chachikulu.
Jean-Marc Chery, CEO wa Franco-Italian chipmaker STMicroelectronics, adati madongosolo a chaka chamawa apambana mphamvu zopangira kampani yake.
Pali kuvomereza kwakukulu mkati mwamakampani kuti kuchepa "kutha mpaka chaka chamawa osachepera", adatero.
Infineon’s Ploss anati: “Tikuchita zonse zomwe tingathe kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino m’gulu lonse la zinthu zamtengo wapatali ndipo tikugwira ntchito momasuka monga momwe tingathere pothandiza makasitomala athu.
"Nthawi yomweyo, tikupitiliza kukulitsa luso lowonjezera."
Koma mafakitale atsopano sangatseguke usiku umodzi. "Kupanga mphamvu zatsopano kumatenga nthawi - kwa nsalu yatsopano, yopitilira zaka 2.5," atero Ondrej Burkacky, mnzake wamkulu komanso mtsogoleri wa gulu la semiconductors padziko lonse lapansi ku consultant McKinsey.
"Chifukwa chake kukulitsa kwakukulu komwe kukuyamba pano sikungawonjezere kuchuluka komwe kulipo mpaka 2023," adatero Burkacky.
Maboma m'mayiko osiyanasiyana akupanga ndalama kwanthawi yayitali popeza magalimoto akukhala anzeru komanso amafuna tchipisi tambiri.
M'mwezi wa Meyi, South Korea idalengeza ndalama zokwana $451 biliyoni kuti ikhale chimphona cha semiconductor. Mwezi watha, Nyumba Yamalamulo yaku US idavotera ndalama zokwana $52 biliyoni pothandizira mbewu za chip.
European Union ikufuna kuchulukitsa kuwirikiza gawo lake la mphamvu zopanga tchipisi padziko lonse lapansi kufika pa 20 peresenti ya msika pofika 2030.
China yalengeza ndondomeko zabwino zolimbikitsa chitukuko cha gawoli. Miao Wei, yemwe kale anali nduna ya zamafakitale ndiukadaulo wazidziwitso, adati phunziro pakusowa kwa zida zapadziko lonse lapansi ndikuti dziko la China likufunika makampani ake odziyimira pawokha komanso osinthika.
"Tili m'nthawi yomwe mapulogalamu amatanthauzira magalimoto, ndipo magalimoto amafunikira ma CPU ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito. Chifukwa chake tiyenera kukonzekera pasadakhale, "adatero Miao.
Makampani aku China akupanga zida zapamwamba kwambiri, monga zomwe zimafunikira pakuyendetsa galimoto.
Kampani yoyambira ku Beijing ya Horizon Robotic yatumiza tchipisi opitilira 400,000 kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa koyamba mumtundu wa Changan mu June 2020.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-09-2021